Moreover, ocean breezes can also be harnessed to produce power, particularly wind power. When onshore breezes push surface water toward the coast, deeper, colder water is brought to the surface, providing nutrients for plankton and other marine organisms. Onshore breezes can bring in fresher, cleaner air from the ocean and help dilute and disperse pollutants and particulate matter that can accumulate in urban areas.įurthermore, sea breezes can impact marine ecosystems by causing upwelling of nutrient-rich water near the coast. Ocean breezes can also improve air quality in coastal regions. The cool breezes can help reduce heat stress for people, animals, and plants, and they can also help cool buildings and infrastructure. Sea breezes can help regulate temperatures in coastal areas and provide a refreshing change from hot summer temperatures. Sea breezes are indeed important, especially in coastal regions where they occur. You may be interested in this other article, where we explain how mountains are formed. If the winds at higher altitudes are light or calm, the sea breeze can penetrate further inland and be more persistent. Light winds in the air: light winds at high altitudes can favor the development of a sea breeze. Sea breezes tend to be stronger when the sun is high in the sky because the angle of the sun's rays is more perpendicular to the surface of the land and sea. Strong sun angle: The angle of the sun is also important.Sunny skies: On clear, sunny days, the sea breeze tends to be stronger and more persistent as the sun heats up the land more quickly.Smooth coastline: a smooth coastline with little difference in terrain is ideal for a sea breeze to develop because it allows the breeze to penetrate inland without being disturbed by hills, mountains, or other topographic features.Land-Sea Orientation: for a sea breeze to develop, the wind direction should be perpendicular to the coastline so that the sea breeze can penetrate inland.Differential warming: for a sea breeze to form, there must be a difference in temperature between the land and the sea.Below are some of the most important conditions that contribute to the formation of sea breezes: Sea breezes require certain conditions to form. This pattern of sea and land breezes continues in a daily cycle, with the sea breeze during the day and the land breeze at night. This creates an offshore breeze that is perceived as a cool wind blowing away from the coast. As the warmer air from the sea moves toward land, it is deflected upward by the cooler air over the land.This air moves toward land and replaces the sinking cool air. The sinking cool air creates a vacuum that is filled by warmer, less dense air over the sea.The land cools faster than the sea, causing the cool air over the land to sink and creating an area of high pressure over the land. At night, the reverse process takes place.This usually happens in the late afternoon or early evening when the land has cooled down. The sea breeze continues until the temperature difference between land and sea is equalized or reversed.This creates an onshore breeze that is perceived as a cool wind near the coast. As the cooler ocean air moves inland, it is deflected upward by the rising warm air over the land.This air moves toward land and replaces the rising warm air. The rising warm air creates a vacuum that is filled by cooler, denser air over the ocean.This warm air rises and creates a low pressure area over the land. As the land heats up, the air above it becomes warmer and less dense.However, the land heats up faster than the sea. During the day, the sun heats the land and the sea.Described below are the steps involved in the formation of a sea breeze: Another preprocessing is described in “ Data preprocessing”.īy interpolating non-observed grid cells with CWB stations on land and buoy weather monitoring devices on the ocean, we assemble wind feature maps that are reliable within our research area, which is encircled by buoy monitoring devices.Sea breezes, as mentioned earlier, are an atmospheric phenomenon caused by the difference in temperature between the surface of the earth and the surface of the sea. We constructed wind direction and wind speed feature maps by filling non-observed grid cells using kriging interpolation based on wind direction and wind speed features Center Weather Bureau (CWB) stations and buoy weather monitoring devices. Therefore, we create a grid area that covers Each grid cell has a spatial coverage of 1 \(\times\)1 km \(^2\). PM \(_\) in central and southern Taiwan 11.
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